Chaotic Party Primaries and Democratic Consolidation in Nigeria

Authors:Azeez O. Olaniyan & Olawale O. Ariyo

Volume: 7 | Issue: 1 | Year: 2026

Abstract

Abstract examines the chaotic conduct of party primaries in Nigeria and their implications for democratic consolidation. Adopting a qualitative approach, it draws on secondary data from published documents, newspapers, magazines, and online sources. It takes institutional and elite theories as theoretical foundation. Findings reveal that primaries are often marred by manipulation, vote-buying, candidate imposition, parallel contests, judicial disputes, and violence. These practices stem from weak party institutions, entrenched godfatherism, personalization of party structures, absence of ideological orientation, corruption, and poor enforcement of electoral regulations. The consequences include erosion of internal party democracy, diminishing public trust, violence, voter apathy, defections, party fragmentation, weakened institutions, and political skepticism. Collectively, these outcomes constrain Nigeria’s democratic development and stability. To address these challenges, the study recommends reforms including adherence to party constitutions, strict enforcement of electoral laws, transparent candidate selection, strict enforcement of digitalized membership registers, stronger oversight by the Independent National Electoral Commission (INEC), and sustained civic education.